Leadership, Leadership And Mobilization Of The Junior Nurses

Nursing profession is a typical sector, which requires effective leadership, as it deals with matter of humanity and life. Leadership in nursing profession should be dynamic and inclusive so as to inspire the team members to a great performance index and to save the lives of the patients through efficient and quality leadership. Several leadership qualities from Abrashoff could be applied into the nursing profession to inspire, motivate, and empower the team members to greater heights of performance level and to ensure that they are satisfied with the level of leadership employed (Nemeth, 2003). To begin with, Abrashoff’s top-down leadership mechanism is nurses need to inspire them, as they will feel empowered and part of the system.†¦show more content†¦Nursing profession requires communicators, since it includes passing information to patients who badly need it. All nursing leadership should aspire to make the nurses feel appreciated by lowering their own stature and reflecting on themselves whether they are really efficient in their roles as leaders. Abrashoff critically analyzed his leadership abilities before taking over at the helm of the USS Benfold, before reflecting on how to change the members of his crew. He knew his weaknesses and appreciated them through fact checking and believing that the challenges can only be squared through collaboration and empowerment. He made all the members of the crew to be important stakeholder by constantly challenging them to find better ways of getting results. He did not like redundancy of the tasks and only wanted the best through collaboration (Abrashoff, 2007). Similarly, leadership in the nursing profession needs to ensure that they critically assess themselves and also facilitate the members of the professional body to help them instill changes. Leadership has to appreciate the roles played by the nurses as key stakeholders. Rules and the policies should be meant to streamline the functions rather than punish the members or limit their instinctive decisions. Articles on Change Concept Several resources are applicable in trying to explore the components of change concept that Abrashoff instilled into his members of the crew, using differentShow MoreRelatedEssay Paper84499 Words   |  338 Pagesthe Army Sexual Assault Prevention and Response Program. Applicability. This regulation applies to the Active Army, the Army National Guard/Army National Guard of the United States, and the U.S. Army Reserve, unless otherwise stated. During mobilization, the Contents proponent may modify chapters and policies contained in this regulation. 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He then listed eight activities he would include in pupil personnel work and the personnel who would be involved, including attendance officers, visiting teachers, school nurses, school physicians, as well as vocational counselors. In his discussion of all the activities involved in pupil personnel work and the personnel involved, he stated that â€Å"Probably no activity in the entire list suffers so much from lack of a coordinatedRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesChinese Overseas in Malaysia, Indonesia, and the United States (London: Routledge, 2000); Edmund Terence Gomez, Chinese Business in Malaysia: Accumulation, Ascendance, Accommodation (Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press, 1999). G. William Skinner, Leadership and Power in the Chinese Community of Thailand (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1958) applied an American assimilation model to Thailand and has generated numerous refutations. See Chan Kwok Bun and Tong Chee Kiong, eds., Alternate Identities:Read MoreAr 670-1117328 Words   |  470 Pages28). o o o Authorizes the wear of the reverse side full-color U.S. Flag cloth replica on utility and organizational uniforms on a permanent basis (chap 28). o Authorizes leaders in all units, regardless of unit category, the wear of the leadership insignia (chap 28). o Changes the title of the combat leaders identification insignia to leaders identification insignia (chap 28). Changes the title of Commander in Chief and Commanding General to Combatant Commander, as applicable throughoutRead MoreAr 670-1116218 Words   |  465 Pagesuniform regulations do not include sufficient guidance or instruction. It does not apply to generals of the Army, the Chief of Staff of the Army, or former Chiefs of Staff of the Army, each of whom may prescribe his or her own uniform. During mobilization, the proponent may modify chapters and policies contained in this regulation. History. This publication is a rapid action revision (RAR). This RAR is effective 11 June 2012. The portions affected by this RAR are listed in the summary ofRead MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 PagesStarbucks was not good, and he needed to gain employees’ trust. He wrote, â€Å"I wanted people to feel proud of working at Starbucks, to believe in their hearts that management trusted them and treated them with respect. I was convinced that under my leadership, employees would come to realize that I would listen to their concerns. If they had faith in me and my motives, they wouldn’t need a union.†5 Without the glaring spotlight of being a public company, Schultz was able to experiment and develop

Assess the Usefulness of Functionalism for an Understanding of the Family Free Essays

Assess the usefulness of functionalism for an understanding of the family. Functionalism is a structural theory in that it believes that the social structure of society (social institutions such as economy, education, media, law, religion and family) is responsible for shaping us as individuals. Functionalists are interested in how the family functions for the greater good or society and in particular, how it contributes to maintenance of social order. We will write a custom essay sample on Assess the Usefulness of Functionalism for an Understanding of the Family or any similar topic only for you Order Now Functionalist’s view of families and households is mainly a positive view. In this essay, I will assess the understanding of families and households through a functionalist view. All over the world family life is differs by huge variation and diversity. But in the UK and according to functionalists who take the more traditional view of family believe it should be a small group of people living together, including the mother father and usually two or three children and are biologically related. The children should be the product of romantic love. A famous sociologist George Peter Murdock (1949) defines the family as: â€Å"A social group characterised by common residence, economic cooperation and reproduction. It should consist of adults of both sexes with at least two who maintain a socially approved relationship, which has created one or more children of their own. Therefore Murdock’s definition is based on the nuclear family – a stereotypical two-generation family made up of a heterosexual couple with dependent offspring. This definition was popular with functionalist sociologists who suggested that this is the ideal type of family which people should aim to have. Murdock’s four key functions are: Stabilisation/regulation of the sex drive (sexual) Reproduction of the next generation (reproductive) Socialisation of the young (educational) Meeting its members’ economic needs, providing food shelter etc (economic) Sociologists criticise Murdocks approach on the family saying it’s to ‘rose-tinted’, which means it’s all a bit pretty and wonderful and he ignores conflict that happens in the family. Feminists believe women are oppressed in the family and Marxists argue the family meeting the needs of capitalism, not the members and society as a whole. Parsons, there is a clear division of labour. According to his studies, the husbands has an â€Å"instrumental role†, he is armed for success at work so that he can provide for his family. Wives on the other hand have an â€Å"expressive role† where they are expected to emotionally support their husbands and children. The male role is economic breadwinner and head of household, whereas the female role is nurturing and childcare. Lastly, the family members receive nurturing and un-conditional love and care from the mother. This nuclear family type, as mentioned above, is seen as the ideal. We see this in wider parts of society such as the media who portray this in such things as advertisements, where there will be a family with a mother who is preparing the food, the male getting ready for work and two or three children. This is known as the ‘cereal packet family’. Functionalist see the family as a primary agent of socialisation, it teaches its members its culture by sharing common norms and values. So functionalist believes the family is crucial to order and created consensus. Another Functionalist, Talcott Parsons (1965) believes the family is a ‘personality factory’ who produces children with shared norms and values and has a strong sense of belonging to society. Another key point functionalists believe the family is crucial for is controlling society daily for example with marriage it keeps sexual relationships under control and monogamous. This is seen as socially acceptable when kept in a heterosexual marriage, so it stops chaos and disorder from unregulated sexual relationships. Parsons argues that a function of the family is that of a stress reliever for the male after a hard day of working, this is known as the ‘warm bath theory’ as all the hardships of modern working life is forgotten. Therefore functionalist sees the family as both beneficial for society and for the individual. But other sociologists such as feminists would argue this, as they believe the family is only serving the needs of men and oppresses women. According to Fran Ansley women are ‘takers of shit’ â€Å"When wives play their traditional role as takers of shit, they often absorb their husbands’ legitimate anger and frustration at their own powerlessness. † This would counter the warm bath theory and suggest males take their anger out on women, rather than see the family as a stress relief from their jobs. This could explain domestic violence. Parsons (1955) the family can perform many functions. The functions that it performs will depend on the needs of society. This is known as the ‘functional fit’ theory. Pre-industrial society = extended family (three generations living under one roof) Industrial society = nuclear family (just parents and dependent children). As society changed, the ‘type’ of family that was required to help society function changed. Industrial society has two essential needs which require a nuclear family to work: A geographically mobile workforce and a socially mobile workforce. Loss of functions ,Parsons also argues that the family in modern society has lost many of its functions as it has become a unit of consumption only (rather than also being a unit of production) This means that in modern society the nuclear family has just two essential or ‘irreducible’ functions: Primary socialisation of children Stabilisation of adult personalities. Sociologists such as Young and Willmott (1973) ; Laslett (1972) argue that the pre-industrial family was nuclear, which defeats all points made by Parsons and why a lot of people don’t believe his argument is very reliable. To conclude I believe that the usefulness of functionalism for understanding the family has become dated, every key point they make can be argued or disproved with actual statistics and fact. I believe it would have been more credible in the mid-1900s where gender roles where a lot more evident and accepted. Also they take the nuclear family as the norm, ideal and most apparent family type in modern society which Is false, and Michael Andersons (1980) research proves Parsons functional fit theory wrong, as the extended family was the structure best equipped to meet the needs of early industrial society, due to the benefits such as older kin looing after children whilst parents worked. Therefore I don’t believe functionalism is very useful to get an overall understanding of every aspect of the family. How to cite Assess the Usefulness of Functionalism for an Understanding of the Family, Papers

Mr. Sun free essay sample

Energy saving at Tumalet Software As the phenomenon of global warming is getting worse, the government is spending much more time and vigor on energy saving. As a result of that, electricity and gas prices are increasing substantially. In order to maintain our successful business and good reputation in the long run, we have to find new ways to reduce our energy costs and minimize the impact of increasing bill prices on our operation. There are three main suggestions that I have made based on some researches and findings. Firstly, we can encourage staff to work from home; secondly, we may plant some grass on the roof; thirdly, we could contribute more money to carbon-offset projects. Based on the findings of our researching team, 27 percent of energy consumption in our office building is heating; cooling and office equipment are both holding 25 percent; 17 percent of it is lighting and the rests are ventilation and cookin. We will write a custom essay sample on Mr. Sun or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It is obviously that we have spent most of our money on electricity and gas for heating, cooling, office equipment and lighting. If we could encourage our staff work from home, our electricity and gas spending would be reduced since less people are using energy at their offices. As cooling and heating are the most energy consuming activities, we shall plant grass on our roof to build up our own natural insulation. Moreover, it is found that US Green Business Council gobble up over one-third of energy produced in the US, and account for 38 percent of all carbon-dioxide emissions and 30 percent of the energy consumed in office buildings is wasted1. These figures remind us that our company may have the same problem too. Not just consider our company profits, we should also think of the earth. If we keep abusing energy, human beings will definitely lose the right to live on the earth one day. In other words, we are killing our children. According to ‘California utility expands rebates’, Pacific Gas Electric is expanding a program that provides financial incentives for companies to cut their energy use2. This is a good opportunity for us to save energy costs. During the past five years, our company has spent half million dollars in energy projects and which have saved us $600,0003. The total return on investment of contributing to those projects is 120 per cent. It is therefore highly recommended in our future operation. Contributing to energy projects not only can save us money, but also can help building our eco-friendly reputation which will benefit our company in the long run. According to the above, abuse of energy is a significant contrast with the current environment. Stop wasting and start saving is the most important task now. Not only because of saving money, but also we have to protect the entire environment. As 96 percent of the energy is used in cooling, heating, equipment and lighting, and 30 percent of them are probably wasted, we should cut our energy costs as much as possible. By doing that, our company profit will be increased by less bill payments and contributing to energy projects can provide us financial incentives. In the long run, our company Tumalet Software might be known as an eco-friendly company and our good reputation image will bring us more benefits than we can think of. Following are some recommendations: a) Enabling staff to work from home. Department managers can have a meeting together to make up a timetable for those staffs who are not necessarily working in the office. However, managers are entitled to make video calls to them to make sure if they are working properly. As less people will be using the office building, we may consider rent out few levels to save some money. In this way, energy costs are reduced and rent payment can be received. b) Planting grass and other plants on the roof. If our building roof is covered by grass or other plants, the roof will act as natural insulation and keep the building warm and thus heating bills can be reduced. Higher level managers can pick up a date of every month and arrange a department to maintain the roof plants. Staffs may imperceptibly perceive that they have the responsibility to save energy and protect the environment. c) Contributing money to carbon-offset projects. Carbon-offset projects are various. For example, we can arrange work buses to pick up staffs from different suburbs instead of providing them petrol  refund. Providing petrol refund is not much difference from that our company is consuming the equal amount of petrol and thus emission of carbon-dioxide produced. We can also organize Company Planting Day twice a year to encourage staffs plating more trees and other plants. Staffs may get to know more about the current environment as well as getting lots of fun.

The Compromise of 1850 Delayed the Civil War 10 years

The Compromise of 1850 Delayed the Civil War 10 years The Compromise of 1850 was a set of bills passed in Congress which tried to settle the issue of slavery, which was about to split the nation. The legislation was highly controversial and it was only passed after a long series of battles on Capitol Hill. It was destined to be unpopular, as just about every part of the nation found something to dislike about its provisions. Yet the Compromise of 1850 served its purpose. For a time it kept the Union from splitting, and it essentially delayed the outbreak of the Civil War for a decade. The Mexican War Led to the Compromise of 1850 As the Mexican War ended in 1848, vast stretches of land acquired from Mexico were going to be added to the United States as new territories or states. Once again, the issue of slavery came to the forefront of American political life. Would new states and territories be free states or slave states? President Zachary Taylor wanted California admitted as a free state, and wanted New Mexico and Utah admitted as territories which excluded slavery under their territorial constitutions. Politicians from the South objected, claiming that admitting California would upset the balance between slave and free states and would split the Union. On Capitol Hill, some familiar and formidable characters, including Henry Clay, Daniel Webster, and John C. Calhoun, began trying to hammer out some sort of compromise. Thirty years earlier, in 1820, the U.S. Congress, largely at the direction of Clay, had tried to settle similar questions about slavery with the Missouri Compromise. It was hoped that something similar could be achieved to lessen tensions and avoid a sectional conflict. The Compromise of 1850 Was an Omnibus Bill Henry Clay, who had come out of retirement and was serving as a senator from Kentucky, put together a group of five separate bills as an omnibus bill which became known as the Compromise of 1850. Clays proposed legislation would admit California as a free state; allow New Mexico to decide whether it wanted to be a free state or slave state; enact a strong federal fugitive slave law, and preserve slavery in the District of Columbia. Clay tried to get the Congress to consider the issues in one general bill, but couldnt get the votes to pass it. Senator Stephen Douglas became involved and essentially took the bill apart into its separate components and was able to get each bill through Congress. Components of the Compromise of 1850 The final version of the Compromise of 1850 had five major components: California was admitted as a free state.Territories of New Mexico and Utah were given the option of legalizing slavery.The border between Texas and New Mexico was fixed.A stronger fugitive slave law was enacted.The slave trade was abolished in the District of Columbia, though slavery remained legal. Importance of the Compromise of 1850 The Compromise of 1850 did accomplish what was intended at the time, as it held the Union together. But it was bound to be a temporary solution. One particular part of the compromise, the stronger Fugitive Slave Act, was almost immediately a cause of great controversy. The bill intensified the hunting of slaves who had made it to free territory. And it led, for example, to the Christiana Riot, an incident in rural Pennsylvania in September 1851 in which a Maryland farmer was killed while trying to apprehend slaves who had escaped from his estate. Disassembling the Compromise The Kansas-Nebraska Act, legislation guided through Congress by Senator Stephen Douglas only four years later, would prove even more controversial. Provisions in the Kansas-Nebraska Act were widely disliked as they repealed the venerable Missouri Compromise. The new legislation led to violence in Kansas, which was dubbed Bleeding Kansas by the legendary newspaper editor Horace Greeley. The Kansas-Nebraska Act also inspired Abraham Lincoln to become involved in politics again, and his debates with Stephen Douglas in 1858 set the stage for his run for the White House. And, of course, the election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860 would inflame passions in the South and lead to the secession crisis and the American Civil War. The Compromise of 1850 may have delayed the splitting of the Union many Americans feared, but it couldnt prevent it forever. Sources and Further Reading Ashworth, John. Slavery, Capitalism, and Politics in the Antebellum Republic: Volume 1 Commerce and Compromise, 1820–1850. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.Hamilton, Holman. Prologue to Conflict: The Crisis and Compromise of 1850. Lexington: The University Press of Kentucky, 2005.Waugh, John C. On the Brink of Civil War: The Compromise of 1850 and how it Changed the Course of American History. Books on the Civil War Era 13. Wilmington, Delaware: Scholarly Resources Inc., 2003.

War of the First Coalition in 1790s France

War of the First Coalition in 1790s France The French Revolution led to much of Europe going to war in the mid-1790s. Some belligerents wanted to put Louis XVI back on a throne, many had other agendas like gaining territory or, in the case of some in France, creating a French Republic. A coalition of European powers formed to fight France, but this ‘First Coalition’ was just one of seven which would be needed to bring peace to the majority of Europe. The early phase of that mammoth conflict, the war of the First Coalition, is also known as the French Revolutionary Wars, and they are often overlooked by the arrival of a certain Napoleon Bonaparte, who transformed them into his conflict. The Start of the French Revolutionary Wars By 1791 the French Revolution had transformed France and worked to tear down the powers of the old, nationally absolutist, regime. King Louis XVI was reduced to a form of house arrest. Part of his court hoped that a foreign, royalist army would march into France and restore the king, who had asked for help from abroad. But for many months the other states of Europe refused to help. Austria, Prussia, Russia and the Ottoman Empires had been involved in a series of power struggles in Eastern Europe and had been less worried about the French king than their own jostling for positions until Poland, stuck in the middle, followed France by declaring a new constitution. Austria now tried to form an alliance that would threaten France into submission and stops the eastern rivals from fighting. France and the revolution had thus been sheltered while it progressed but became a useful distraction with land which could be taken. On August 2nd, 1791 the King of Prussia and the Holy Roman Emperor seemed to declare an interest in war when they issued the Declaration of Pillnitz. However, Pillnitz was designed to frighten the French revolutionaries and support the French who supported the king, not start a war. Indeed, the text of the declaration was worded to make war, in theory, impossible. But the emigres, agitating for war, and the revolutionaries, who were both paranoid, took it the wrong way. An official Austro-Prussian alliance was only concluded in February 1792. The other Great Powers were now looking at French hungrily, but this did not automatically mean war. However the emigres - people who had fled France - were promising to return with foreign armies to restore the king, and while Austria turned them down, German princes humored them, upsetting the French and provoking a call for action. There were forces in France (the Girondins or Brissotins) who wanted to take pre-emptive action, hoping that war would enable them to oust the king and declare a republic: the king’s failure to surrender to constitutional monarchy left the door open for him to be replaced. Some monarchists supported the call for war in the hope foreign armies would march in and restore their king. (One opponent of the war was called Robespierre.) On April 20th France’s National Assembly declared war on Austria after the Emperor helpfully tried another careful threat. The result was Europe reacting and the formation of the First Coalition, which was first between Austria and Prussia but was then joined by Britain and Spain. It would take seven coalitions to permanently end the wars now started. The First Coalition was aimed less at ending the revolution and more on gaining territory, and the French less as exporting revolution than getting a republic. The Fall of the King The revolution had wrought havoc on the French forces, as many of the officers had fled the country. The French force was thus an amalgam of the remaining royal army, the patriotic rush of new men, and conscripts. When the Army of the North clashed with the Austrians at Lille they were easily defeated and it cost the French a commander, as Rochambeau quit in protest at the problems he faced. He fared better than General Dillon, who was lynched by his own men. Rochambeau was replaced by the French hero of the American Revolutionary War, Lafayette, but as violence erupted in Paris, he debated whether to march on it and install a new order and when the army wasn’t keen he fled to Austria. France organized four armies to form a defensive cordon. By mid-August, the main coalition army was invading mainland France. Led by Prussia’s Duke of Brunswick it had 80,000 men drawn from central Europe, it took fortresses such as Verdun and closed on Paris. The Army of the Centre seemed like little opposition, and there was a terror in Paris. This was largely due to the fear the Prussian army would flatten Paris and slaughter the residents, a fear caused largely by Brunswick’s promise to do just that if the king or his family were harmed or insulted. Unfortunately, Paris had done exactly that: the crowd had killed their way to the king and taken him prisoner and now feared retribution. Massive paranoia and a fear of traitors also fuelled the panic. It caused a massacre in the prisons and over a thousand dead. The Army of the North, now under Dumouriez had been focusing on Belgium, but marched down to aid the Centre and defend the Argonne; they were pushed back. The Prussian king (also present) gave orders and entered into a battle with the French at Valmy on September 20th, 1792. The French won, Brunswick being unable to commit his army against a larger and well defended French position and so fell back. A determined French effort might have shattered Brunswick, but none came; even so, he withdrew, and the hopes of the French monarchy went with him. A republic was established, in large part due to the war. The rest of the year saw a mixture of French successes and failures, but the revolutionary armies took Nice, Savoy, the Rhineland and in October, under Demouriez, Brussels, and Antwerp after swamping the Austrians at Jemappes. However, Valmy was the victory that would inspire French resolve over the next years. The coalition had moved half-heartedly, and the French had survived. This success left the government to hurriedly come up with some war aims: the so-called ‘Natural Frontiers’ and the idea of freeing oppressed peoples were adopted. This caused further alarm in the international world. 1793 France began 1793 in a belligerent mood, executing their old king and declaring war on Britain, Spain, Russia, the Holy Roman Empire, most of Italy and The United Provinces, despite roughly 75% of their commissioned officers having left the army. The influx of tens of thousands of passionate volunteers helped strengthen the remains of the royal army. However, the Holy Roman Empire decided to go on the offensive and France was now outnumbered; conscription followed, and areas of France rebelled as a result. Prince Frederick of Saxe-Coburg led the Austrians and Dumouriez rushed down from the Austrian Netherlands to fight but was defeated. Dumouriez knew he’d be accused of treason and had had enough, so he asked his army to march on Paris and when they refused fled to the coalition. The next General up - Dampierre - was killed in battle and the next - Custine - was defeated by the enemy and guillotined by the French. All along the borders coalition forces were closing in - f rom Spain, through the Rhineland. The British managed to occupy Toulon when it rebelled, seizing the Mediterranean fleet. France’s government now declared a ‘Levà ©e en Masse’, which basically mobilized/conscripted all adult males for the defense of the nation. There was uproar, rebellion and a flood of manpower, but both the Committee of Public Safety and the France they ruled had the resources to equip this army, the organization to run it, new tactics to make it effective, and it worked. It also started the first Total War and began the Terror. Now France had 500,000 soldiers in four main forces. Carnot, the Committee of Public Safety man behind the reforms was called the ‘organiser of Victory’ for his success, and he may have prioritized an attack in the north. Houchard was now commanding the Army of the North, and he used a mixture of old regime professionalism with sheer weight of conscript numbers, together with coalition mistakes which divided their forces and gave inadequate support, to force the coalition back, but he also fell to French guillotines after accusations doubting his effort: he was accused of not follow up victory quick enough. Jourdan was the next man up. He relieved the siege of Maubeuge and won the battle of Wattignies in October 1793, while Toulon was liberated thanks, in part, to an artillery officer called Napoleon Bonaparte. The rebel army in the Vendà ©e was broken, and the frontiers generally forced back east. By the end of the year the provinces were broken, Flanders cleared, France expanding, and Alsace liberated. The French army was proving fast, flexible, well supported and able to absorb more losses than the enemy, and could thus fight more often. 1794 In 1794 France reorganized armies and moved commanders about, but the successes kept coming. Victories at Tourcoing, Tournai, and Hooglede occurred before Jourdan once more took control, and the French were finally able to successfully cross the Sambre after many attempts, beating Austria at Fleurus, and by the end of June had thrown the allies out of Belgium and the Dutch Republic, taking Antwerp and Brussels. Centuries of Austrian involved in the region had been halted. Spanish forces were repelled and parts of Catalonia taken, the Rhineland was also taken, and the borders of France were now safe; parts of Genoa were now also French. The French soldiers were constantly boosted by patriotic propaganda and a huge number of texts sent out to them. France was still producing more soldiers and more equipment than its rivals, but they also executed 67 generals that year. However, the revolutionary government didn’t dare disband the armies and let these soldiers flood back into France to destabilize the nation, and neither could the faltering French finances support the armies on French soil. The solution was to carry the war abroad, ostensibly to safeguard the revolution, but also to get the glory and booty the government needed for support: the motives behind the French actions had already changed before Napoleon arrived. However, the success in 1794 had been partly due to war breaking out again in the east, as Austria, Prussia, and Russia sliced up a Poland fighting to survive; it lost and was taken off the map. Poland had in many ways helped France by distracting and dividing the coalition, and Prussia scaled -down war efforts in the west, happy with gains in the east. Meanwhile, Britain was sucking up French colonies, the French navy is unable to work at sea with a devastated officer corps. 1795 France was now able to capture more of the northwest coastline, and conquered and changed Holland into the new Batavian Republic (and took its fleet). Prussia, satisfied with Polish land, gave up and came to terms, as did a number of other nations, until only Austria and Britain remained at war with France. Landings designed to aid French rebels - such as at Quiberon - failed, and Jourdan’s attempts to invade Germany were frustrated, in no small part to a French commander following others and fleeing to the Austrians. At the end of the year, the government in France changed to the Directory and a new constitution. This government gave the executive - Five Directors - too little power over war, and they had to manage a legislature which continually preached spreading the revolution by force. While the Directors were, in many ways, keen on the war, their options were limited, and their control over their generals questionable. They planned a two front campaign: attack Britai n through Ireland, and Austria on land. A storm stopped the former, while the Franco-Austrian war in Germany went back and forth. 1796 The French forces were now split largely between operations in Italy and Germany, all aimed at Austria, the only major enemy left on the mainland. The Directory hoped Italy would provide plunder and land to be exchanged for territory in Germany, where Jourdan and Moreau (who both had priority) were fighting a new enemy commander: Archduke Charles of Austria; he had 90,000 men. The French force was disadvantaged as they lacked cash and supplies, and the target region had suffered several years of depredation by the armies. Jourdan and Moreau advanced into Germany, at which point Charles tried to force them apart before the Austrians united and attacked. Charles managed to defeat Jourdan first at Amberg in late August and again at Wà ¼rzberg in early September, and the French agreed an armistice having been pushed back to the Rhone. Moreau decided to follow suit. Charles’ campaign was marked by sending his surgeon over to assist a famed and injured French General. In Italy, Napoleon Bonaparte was given the command. He stormed through the region, winning battle after battle against armies who divided their forces. 1797 Napoleon secured control of northern Italy and fought his way close enough to Austria’s capital of Vienna to make them come to terms. Meanwhile, in Germany, without Archduke Charles - who had been sent to face Napoleon - the Austrians were pushed back by French forces before Napoleon had forced the peace in the south. Napoleon dictated the peace himself, and the Treaty of Campo Formio expanded the boundaries of France (they kept Belgium) and created new states (Lombardy joined the new Cisalpine Republic) and left the Rhineland for a conference to decide. Napoleon was now the most famous general in Europe. The only major French setback was a naval battle at Cape St. Vincent, where one Captain Horatio Nelson assisted a British victory over French and allied ships, which were notionally readying for an invasion of Britain. With Russia far away and pleading financial weakness, only Britain remained both at war and close to France.

MEDIA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

MEDIA - Essay Example The audience tends to be neglectful of the wrong aspects of their behavior and approves of the behavioral model as such. Particularly, the youth blindly follows the role models. Media frequently highlights the negative aspects of the celebrities and often reveals the hidden controversies about them, which in turn causes the society to blindly imitate them (Oak). Although the controversies are projected with a view to create awareness in the people regarding what is happening around them. Paradoxically, this attempt is in turn generating more negativity in public. Media increases violence in the society: Media often becomes a good source of unique and innovative ideas for the pick pockets, thieves and robbers. Quite often, plays are based upon new ways of carrying out violence in the society, which potentially add to the skills and knowledge of the violence makers more than they educate the sufferers. In addition to that, media plays the role of slow poison for the society. Originally , people used to be very irritated by acts of violence, and used to protest against them in any way they could. With the passage of time, people have become immune towards the widespread violence in the society.

Research paper about world Trade organization (WTO) impact on

About world Trade organization (WTO) impact on environment - Research Paper Example That is, in the quest to achieve economic development, countries aided by economic initiatives like World Trade Organisation (WTO) are indulging in many constructive activities for the development of people, including the environment. At the same time, certain destructive or dubious activities are carried out by the people or country because of WTO, destructing many lives. Like a simple rope which can also be used to constrict one’s neck, the development activities of WTO have turned out to be life destructive activities, damaging the lives of the humans themselves as well as the earth’s environment in which they live. Apart from the highly industrialized countries, this phenomenon is also happening in developing and least developed countries (LDC), mainly after the inception of WTO. So, this paper will analyze how WTO causes environmental problems and also avoids it. Among the many economic based movements, globalization is the one which had and is still having major impact on the economic development of many countries and its people worldwide. Economic part of globalization is the key because with the whole world becoming a kind of global village, barriers between the countries are broken with integration happening mainly in the economic aspects. After the advent of globalization, the main initiative which opened up the markets of the countries is the establishment of WTO in 1994. The World Trade Organization (WTO), founded to supervise and liberalize the international trade in the post-globalization era, was officially initiated on January 1, 1995, with the actualization of the Marrakech Agreement. With 150 odd members and representing more than 97% of the world trade, WTO performs multiple roles. While supervising and liberalizing international trade, it deals and oversees trade regulations between participating countries, then it provides a platform to negotiate and formalise trade agreements, even while solving any disputes that may arise during the